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Michael Korda

A Brilliant Holocaust Novel

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Auschwitz Hulton Archive / Getty Images The New York Times' Michiko Kakutani totally blew it with their nasty review of The Kindly Ones, Jonathan Littell’s sweeping Nazi novel. Michael Korda on why it’s a world-class masterpiece of astonishing brutality, originality, and force.

It used to be that the highest ambition of American novelists was to write “the Great American Novel,” that great white whale of American fiction that would encompass all the American experience in one great book. Thomas Wolfe’s Look Homeward, Angel was perhaps the last serious attempt to reach for this illusory honor—Mailer was too scatty, Steinbeck dropped the ball with East of Eden, Hemingway was too much of an expatriate, Dreiser perhaps came closer to it than either of them, but how many people read Dreiser any more? Today, it’s a race that is no longer being run. American novelists no longer have the ambition, the reach, the balls, frankly, to seek that great white whale.

You want to read about Hell, here it is. If you don’t have the strength to read it, tough shit.

There is another, even higher, compelling ambition: to write the big, great, world-class book that, to borrow from T. E. Lawrence, will rank beside the giants of world literature: Moby-Dick, Thus Spoke Zarathustra and Crime and Punishment, as TEL defined his competitors when he set out to write Seven Pillars of Wisdom. This is a more challenging ambition, of course, but it is with this in mind that one must approach Jonathan Littell’s The Kindly Ones. Clearly, Littell is determined to play in the biggest of big leagues, not the American ones, but the world ones. Since he is American, it is astonishing that, at a time of mutual anger between France and the US, he should become the first American writer to win not only France’s prestigious Prix Goncourt, but the even more prestigious Grand Prix du Roman of the Académie française.

And with a novel about the Holocaust, in which the central figure is a suave, secretly homosexual, cynical arriviste and ambitious SS officer, a Nazi and a mass murderer who moves in the highest circles of the Third Reich, and whose darker secrets include incest and the savage murder of his own mother and her second husband (strangulation for her, an axe for him).

Dr. Max Aue is, in short, a monster, but not a grotesquely imagined one like Dr. Hannibal Lecter, rather a realistic one, of which Germany produced so many between 1933 and 1945. It is altogether fitting that he ends up as a respectable married businessman selling (of all things) lace after the war, with no feelings of guilt—on the contrary, he is eager to tell us that he is an ordinary person just like you and me, who might easily have slipped into his position, had we been born German (and Aryan).

Littell, in brief, aspired to write the “Great European Novel,” the Moby-Dick of Nazi Germany, the Crime and Punishment of the Holocaust; he is nothing if not ambitious. The book is likely to challenge a great many fiction readers, frankly. It is 984 pages long, each page is densely packed with small type (and with narrow margins). Mr. Littell sticks stubbornly to the French way of using quotes, and avoids paragraphs and space breaks, so that reading the book is like swimming far out to sea without a life belt, or climbing a mountain until one runs out of breath.

When I started work at Simon & Schuster in 1958, each of us got a bronze paperweight on which was written, in raised type, “‘Give the reader a break,’ Richard E. Simon.” Well, Dick Simon would have a lot to say, were he alive today, about The Kindly Ones. Littell doesn’t give the reader a break for 984 pages—I mean, this book is dense, it’s like chewing peanut-butter brittle, it makes Thus Spoke Zarathustra read like Valley of the Dolls. Yes, it’s a masterpiece, yes, it’s important, but no, reading it on your Kindle is going to be a chore. Stock up on batteries first!

A moment of confession: As a graduate of Institut Le Rosey, in Switzerland, I am bilingual (actually almost tri-lingual, since I learned Russian later, in the Royal Air Force, but who’s counting?), and originally read Mr. Littell’s novel in French, when it first came out there (it was neither easy nor cheap to buy a copy at the French bookstore in Rockefeller Center, since vanished, alas, a great cultural loss), and was bowled over by it.

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February 25, 2009 | 6:37am
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qzpmvt

I'll wait for the movie.

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8:33 am, Feb 25, 2009

mberly5625

Korda can buy a copy for Archbishop (or whatever he is today) Richard Williamson. Williamson can get off on it, too!

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12:05 pm, Feb 25, 2009

aluxeterna

Great review. I'm sold. Thanks much.

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6:42 pm, Feb 25, 2009

jbgolden

Yes, please give the the reader a break. You could've pared this article down by half, easily. Who cares that you read it in the French, before it came out here? If no one's counting the number of languages you speak, why enumerate them for us?

But never mind all that. Korda's biggest problem is that he doesn't actually address Kakutani's argument that creating this monster of a character is a big gratuitous lie. What of the banality of evil? The point being that yes, perfectly normal people participated in genocide, but this character clearly is not normal.

I can't speak much more to this, not counting French among one of the three language I speak. I'd like to see some actual debate. Pick Kakutani's argument apart piece by piece rather than pompously yelling "tough shit."

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7:20 pm, Feb 25, 2009

dailyplanet

Stock up on drinks and snacks before you sit down and read this atrocity about atrocities. Really? Party time, anyone? Only someone with no soul can revel in the "genius" of such a book. For any other human being, the reading of this book would be unendurable pain. Obviously there are people out there who find this literature. It may better be described as evil as pornography.

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7:43 pm, Feb 25, 2009

CWCoulter

This is the type of book that may have shocked ages ago. But are we not all a tad tired of the debauched title character? When Nabokov wrote that monster Humbert Humbert, it probably shocked, but now transgression and even utter depravity are commonplaces. This is probably another sick bore.

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7:50 pm, Feb 25, 2009

spithole

Mr. Korda: You are wrong in key ways in your assessment of THE KINDLY ONES.

I too am trilingual (English, French, and Hebrew) and I also read THE KINDLY ONES in its original French and obtained an English version (both books are expensive and the cost alone makes them only resonant to a sliver of the literary intelligentsia...not even the most thoughtful, reasoned, educated people can afford this book in its original form).

The protagonist's portrayal is not realistic and nor is the portrayal of Nazi Germany. We are within the radical, fetishistic point of view of a beyond-sadist whose behavior rivals the slipshod whims of the Ancient Greek and Roman gods.

Indeed, the title of the book refers to the name that Athena bestowed on to the Furies who in the last play of the The Oresteia triology by Aeschylus (called "The Kindly Ones," or The Eumenides) spare the life of Orestes even though he and his sister, Electra, killed their mother Clytemnestra.

But the book is woefully weak in its mythic plotting and it does not earn its title with its indication of god-bestowed mercy.

The book is gratuitous. There is no modulation in its depiction, no redemption or redress for the damned, no development of the protagonist's characterization, no real depth of discovery in the human scale of the investigation.

Instead, the novel is a 1000 page (or so) fetish. It ends up REPEATING on a literary level the unchecked violence that it presents so gratuitously.

A man like you should NEVER become an apologist for a malformed book like this.

But it is a product of true pretentiousness to latch on to something like this novel because everyone else in one's elite crowd seems to praise it. It's like the Madoff scandal in literary terms...everyone loved the emperor until he was stripped of his clothes.

Your view of this book is deplorable.

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11:00 pm, Feb 25, 2009

zoroaster

This is an astonishing review. A literary "masterpiece" offers a modicum of redeeming qualities even if the subject matter is grim in the extreme, as it is here. Littell's novel is an unrelenting portrayal of the banality of evil -- to use Hannah Arendt's phrase --, clinically antiseptic in its writing style, and ultimately a crashing, long-winded bore. A work that aspires to masterpiece status should oxygenate the reader in some way. The thousand pages of this book are totally devoid of oxygen. It is stifling, suffocating, spiritless from beginning to end.

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1:45 am, Feb 26, 2009

Bookette

I don't think it should be overlooked that Korda is published by Harpercollins - Littell's publisher -- and after a string of horrific reviews, they might be doing some damage control here...

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11:56 am, Feb 27, 2009

anonymot

Most of the critical comments seem to come from one of two p�ints of view. Either the moralists who want some redeeming feature of these unredeemable people or those who find Littell doesn't follow their college writing course's definition of how to write for the American public. I guess there's a third possibility: missing the point altogether as Kakatani did in the NYT. I read this in France. I'm not a kid whose memory of these events come from books or a religious horror of the loss. I simply knew some of the perpetrators, some of the survivors of the camps, some of their immediate relatives, and the context of it all. Littell's book is as brilliant and spellbinding as Korda describes. It is also a look at something we don't like to see except in dumb movies, Real, I mean REAL horror and realistic representations of it. We like our Rwandas & Darfus as fairly abstract little bytes, readable, forgetable, over breakfast coffee. We certainly don't want to see what REAL people do to others in Israel, Gaza, Afghanistan, Kazahkstan, or what they did in Argentina, etc. ad infinitum. We like it all newswothy. Littel brilliantly describes the doers and Mr. Korda and I and hundreds of thousands of readers were gripped by the realism, the driving, relentless realism that real people went through for years at the hands of millions of Aues. The rest of you should stick with Truman Capote, Stephen King and the Chain Saw Massacres or wring your hands and forget that the Aues out there are doing this every day. And some of them are us! And every man, woman and child who gets sliced up looks in the eyes of some Aue - many of whom just get away with it.

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1:40 pm, Feb 27, 2009

hbergeron

You mentioned that we as Americans have never had to live with evil and ignore it. What about our years of slavery & segregation? I'd call that evil. Don't you think many white Americans, especially in the South, had to make tough choices concerning what was going on around them during that period in our history?

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4:55 am, Mar 7, 2009

franzangst

"We, in America and Great Britain, have never had to live with evil and ignore it, or pretend it wasn't happening, as people did all over Europe, and indeed even in Germany herself." really? what about u.s. extermination of the indians, vietnam, a huge atrocity from the golf of tonkien, to the free fire zones to the defoliation program and agent orange. AGENT ORANGE ought to be the color and name of U.S. evil!

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2:51 pm, Mar 7, 2009

boredwell

One of the "best" summaries I've ever read that congeals the perennially toxic stew that was WW2 Germany's industrial murder complex into expounding upon its insidious horror, is that ordinary people, like accountants, audited not just the bodycount but tabulated the amounts of hair, gold teeth and fur coats ripped from the Reich's victims. These people were doing their "job" and receiving a salary in a bureaucracy created specifically to handle jewish "affairs."

The protagonist in this novel is nothing new being more of the same casual monster stereotype straight out of central casting, the same one sees in motion pictures like Schindler's List's SS Commandant Amon Goeth and reads about in history books ("We were only carrying out orders as obedient soldiers"defense.) Littell's character, a repellent creature to be sure, whose unrepentant actions don't interfer with a good night's rest, is more typecasting. He's calculated,like Schindler's List's Goeth to be a character setup to wring the normal expected revulsion from viewers/readers.

By concentrating on the brutal atrocities at the death camps, one capsulizes and diminishes the full brunt and enduring impact of the holocaust. It's real, wider-ranging dimensions lay closer to home, with neighbors, friends and the moral ambiguities of those who refused from the very beginning to challenge the promulgation of the Nuremburg racial laws.

In order to aspire to be a great world novel, Littell would have had to focus on the homlier side of the equation, the silent complicity of ordinary folk, to expand upon the meaning of gross inhumanity in order for readers to fully conceive the enormity. Elie Weisel's NIGHT better explores what the Nazi's called The Shadow and The Fog, their subliminal moniker for the eradication of Jews and Gypsies, with infinitely more knowledge, wisdom and personal pathos than Littell's tome can ever hope to accede. More will come along who will attempt to put this gargantuan travesty into perspective. Perhaps some may even succeed.

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1:05 am, Apr 13, 2009

Devsfunda

For those who want to read the novel don't get discouraged by 1000 pages of densely packed text. actually its a very easy read. Narrative style is very simple.The translator has done a good job.and thank God there are no foot notes. thanx for that Mr Littell.

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12:45 am, Jul 20, 2009
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A Brilliant Holocaust Novel

by Michael Korda

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