Pakistani madrassas have been blamed as the primary source of the country’s rising militancy. But a new Brookings study says that, while a small number are a security concern, the violence can be attributed to a different educational problem: the country’s low levels of primary- and secondary-school enrollment.

4

Estimated percentage of Pakistani students enrolled in madrassas. The number of new madrassas has been decreasing each year.

6.8

Millions of out-of-school primary children in Pakistan—the third-highest number worldwide

75

Percentage estimated decrease in Pakistan’s conflict risk if it boosted primary-school enrollment to the world average of 87 percent

80

Percentage of nations with the lowest enrollment rates that saw conflict in the last two decades