Haute NoirThe Hardboiled Art of Patrick ModianoThe Nobel-prize winner’s metaphysical mysteries relentlessly explore his own past and that of his native France, but the search for answers is never afforded an easy solution.Adam Kirsch
Nazi Garden PartyHitler the Mass-Murdering Ecologist?Timothy Snyder’s new history of the Holocaust has many theses, but its biggest is also its most flawed.Adam Kirsch
ConsumptionWhy Whole Foods Is Popping Up In NovelsIt was only a matter of time before novelists turned to Whole Foods as a metonym for 21st-century corporate hypocrisy.Adam Kirsch
The Battle of AlgiersThe Year of CamusCamus’s legacy is haunted by his hesitation to support Algerian independence, but Adam Kirsch says that he gets to the heart of questions over when to act.Adam Kirsch
Exit LeftExistential AngstJean-Paul Sartre was once the world’s most famous philosopher, but Adam Kirsch shows how ideology changed him into an apologist.Adam Kirsch
