James A. Warren is a writer and a former visiting scholar in the American Studies Department at Brown University. He is the author of Giap: The General Who Defeated America in Vietnam, and American Spartans: The United States Marines: A Combat History from Iwo Jima to Iraq, among other books.

pearl harbor
Devastation

There have been paranoid theories aplenty to explain why the US Navy was so unprepared on December 7, 1941, but the simple truth is that we did not believe it could happen.